Pelvic organ prolapse is a condition that affects many women but is often shrouded in silence. It’s important to understand what it is, its symptoms, and how it can be treated.
1. What is Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common condition that occurs when one or more pelvic organs, such as the bladder, uterus, or bowel descend from their normal position and push against the vaginal walls. This can lead to various degrees of discomfort and distress. It can affect individuals of all ages.
Pelvic organ prolapse is often categorised based on the specific organ involved. Here are some common types:
- Cystocele: When the bladder drops into the vaginal space.
- Rectocele: When the rectum bulges into the back vaginal wall.
- Uterine prolapse: When the uterus descends into the vaginal canal.
- Enterocele: When a portion of the small intestine pushes against the vaginal wall.
The severity of prolapse can range from mild to severe, and it may affect one or more pelvic organs simultaneously.
2. What Are the Symptoms of Prolapse?
Understanding the symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse is essential for early diagnosis and treatment. While the specific symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of prolapse, common signs may include:
- Pelvic pressure or fullness: Many women with prolapse describe a sensation of pressure or fullness in the pelvic area.
- Discomfort or pain: Some individuals may experience discomfort or even pain in the pelvic region.
- Urinary symptoms: This can include urinary incontinence, frequent urination, or difficulty emptying the bladder.
- Bowel issues: Prolapse can lead to constipation or difficulty with bowel movements.
- Vaginal bulge: In some cases, a noticeable bulge or protrusion in the vaginal area may be present.
These symptoms can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life, but there are effective treatment options available.
3. What Causes Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Several factors contribute to the development of pelvic organ prolapse:
- Childbirth: The strain placed on the pelvic floor during pregnancy, labour and delivery can weaken the supportive structures, increasing the risk of prolapse.
- Ageing: As women age, the tissues and muscles that support pelvic organs naturally weaken.
- Depleted oestrogen. As oestrogen levels fall at perimenopause, the pelvic floor muscles, urethra and pelvic fascia weaken.
- Excess tummy weight can put added pressure on the pelvic floor, making prolapse more likely.
- Chronic coughing: Conditions like chronic bronchitis or asthma can lead to persistent coughing, which strains the pelvic area.
- Family history: There may be a genetic predisposition to prolapse.
- Heavy lifting
- Hypermobility
- High impact sports
Understanding these causes can help in prevention and management. In some cases, lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight, quitting smoking, and managing chronic coughing can reduce the risk of prolapse.
4. Are Pelvic Floor Exercises Effective for Prolapse?
Pelvic floor exercises, commonly known as Kegel exercises, are often recommended for managing and preventing pelvic organ prolapse. These exercises target the muscles that support your pelvic organs. By strengthening your pelvic floor muscles, you can help provide better support for your organs and reduce the risk of prolapse.
Pelvic floor exercises can be effective, especially when done consistently. However, it’s essential to learn the correct technique from a healthcare provider to maximise their benefits.
Improving hip, abdominal and gluteal strength will also help support pelvic structures, learning to stand well and breath effectively can improve symptoms too.
5. Can Prolapse Occur After Childbirth?
Childbirth can be a significant risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse due to the strain placed on the pelvic floor during labour. The risk can vary depending on factors such as the number of pregnancies, the method of delivery, and individual physiology.
Women who have experienced multiple pregnancies, given birth to large babies or had a lengthy second stage are at a higher risk of developing prolapse. Additionally, the risk may increase with multiple vaginal deliveries, as each birth can further strain the pelvic floor muscles and tissues.
However, it’s essential to note that not all women who give birth will experience prolapse, and there are steps that can be taken to minimise the risk.
6. What Are the Treatment Options for Pelvic Organ Prolapse?
Treatment options for pelvic organ prolapse can vary depending on the severity of the condition and the impact it has on an individual’s life. The treatment approach can include:
- Lifestyle Modifications: In milder cases, lifestyle changes such as weight management and smoking cessation can help reduce symptoms.
- Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy: Physical therapy sessions can help individuals learn how to strengthen and support their pelvic floor muscles.
- Pessaries: These are medical devices inserted into the vagina to provide additional support for the pelvic organs.
- Surgical Interventions: In more severe cases, surgery may be recommended to repair or lift the pelvic organs. The specific procedure will depend on the type and severity of prolapse.
It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the most suitable treatment plan based on individual circumstances and preferences. Our team is very experience in this area to support you every step of the way,
All Women’s Health Physiotherapy treatments are specifically tailored to each individual. Appointments last 60 minutes and cost £60. Click the button below to book online, or get in touch if you’ve got any questions.
